Select Projects
dedicated to
Michael Hough, 1928-2013
landscape architect, scholar, mentor
Don River Restoration
Toronto
Bringing Back the Don was a comprehensive, long-term and interdisciplinary initiative to return health and vitality to this post-industrial, inaccessible urban river valley that runs through the heart of Toronto. Spearheaded by the grass-roots Task Force to Bring Back the Don (motto: “Clean, Green and Accessible“), it inspired huge support across political and social spectrums through the 1990s. It still stands as Canada's largest urban ecological regeneration and, as each phase is realized, continues as an exemplar of urban environmental regeneration nationally and internationally.
Role: Associate/Project Manager, HSWL; Co-Lead on overall concept and restoration strategy with Michael Hough and hydrologist Dr. Robert Newbury
Clients: Task Force to Bring Back the Don; City of Toronto; Toronto Waterfront Regeneration Trust
Won the Canadian Institute of Planners' highest honor for 1993, the Award for Planning Excellence.
Cited “Most significant and influential landscape architectural project, decade 1988-1998” OALA Ground, Vol. 43, 2018 (one of 4 total)
HSWL 1992
Task Force members assist eminent conservationist Charles Sauriol (1904-1995) onto CN Rail property along the Don Valley Expressway. This act of mild civil disobedience began the process of Bringing Back the Don.
Google Earth, 2020
HSWL's 1992 Don River / Portlands concept
Our 1992 notion of restoring the Don estuary within a green, mixed-use Portlands redevelopment served as the meta-concept on which later Portlands efforts were based. It was published as the centerpiece of the Royal Commission's seminal Regeneration: Toronto's Waterfront and the Sustainable City (1992).
The re-configured mouth of the Don and its alighnment through the Portslands—much as we envisioned in the early 90s—received +$1billion (CDN) from city, federal and provincial governments. Construction is nearing completion.
Nine Mile Run Pittsburgh
A groundbreaking inquiry into a hyper-stressed, post-industrial urban valley and stream corridor and degraded 6.5 sq. mile watershed.
Initiated by artists at CMU's STUDIO for Creative Inquiry; evolved into Pittsburgh's most important post-industrial regeneration precedent—a novel-but-effective merging of art, ecological design, and applied science.
Role: CMU/STUDIO Faculty Fellow; landscape analysis and collaborator with Tim Collins (PI) and CMU team on valley regenerative strategies.
Led to creation of NMR Watershed Association and +$8 million restoration program by Army Corps, U.S. EPA, and local water authorities - the largest urban ecosystems restoration project in the U.S.
Funding: Pittsburgh's City Planning office, Heinz Endowments, PA Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources, ALCOSAN.
Three Rivers Environmental Award, 1998.
Governor's Award for Environmental Stewardship, 2001.
Featured in M. Miles' The Uses of Decoration: Essays in the Architectural Everyday (Wiley, 2000, ch.6)
Nine Mile Run, Google Earth, 2022
Duquesne Slag Co. dumped 17 million cu.yds. of "hot pour" slag into NMR valley, 1922-1972 (McElwaine, nd)
Water quality and stream biodiversity have significantly improved since restoration of the 2.3 mile corridor began in 2003 (Upstream Pittsburgh, 2021)
ALCCAR Ghana and Tanzania
In early 2009 we embarked on a 3.5 year NSF-funded study titled Anticipatory Learning for Climate Change Adaptation and Reslience (ALCCAR). Working in close collaboration with regional partners in Ghana and Tanzania, we explored approaches to community-based adaptation to anthropogenic climate change in sub-Sahara Africa. We hypothesized that cyclical (loop) learning strengthens people's anticipatory capacity in decision-making with respect to climatic and other livelihood stressors. Predicted future climate changes include temperature increases, less reliable rains during the growing season, and increased short-term extreme events such as floods and droughts. These trends are very likely to pose a huge burden for subsistence farming and fishing communities in west and east Africa.
ALCCAR's action research approach sought to bolster the capacity of at-risk rural communities to anticipate and creatively respond to climate change, particularly as played out in local socio-ecological systems. We emphasized iterative ways of analyzing, learning about, and proactively responding to environmental uncertainty.
Our core team traveled to field sites regularly from 2009 - 2012 to meet with African collaborators, pilot test field activities, engage village participants, and collect data in eight villages—four in north-eastern Tanzania, and four in Ghana's south-central Volta region. Activities included a series of participatory workshops, elder-led walks, and community-based environmental monitoring.
Much like the Mountain Project and my Pittsburgh Studio, our approach was thoroughly applied and strongly reciprocal: our regional partners brokered local community invitations, and learning was a two-way street. Especially exciting was the "anticipatory creativity" that reached a crescendo in years 2 and 3: scenario-building, plan-making, place-based theater, and a collective re-thinking of potential resiliencies and livelihoods inherent in each community's working landscape.
Role: Co-Principal Investigator, Landscape Ecologist; lead on ecosystems walks and community mapping. Dr. Petra Tschakert was PI.
African partners: University of Ghana / Afram Plains Development Organization, Ghana / University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania / Red Cross-Red Crescent, Tanzania
Funding: National Science Foundation, $750,000.
ALCCAR's general research methodology
On our way to meet with the Chief and Queen Mother of Xedzodzoekope village, Ghana.
Training session for climate change monitoring workshop facilitators in the Afram Plains, Ghana. Here we discuss locally-attuned approaches to grappling with village-scale erosion driven by regional climate change. Issues like this stem from increasingly severe rainfall events and diminishing capacity and resources to find solutions.
Ghanaian women's group constructs a spider-gram of village sustainability and livelihood issues.
Illicit charcoal production in sub-Saharan Africa is one of many ways that local people cope with impacts of climate change and post-colonial globalization.
Semi-structured interviews on livelihood diversification and climate change indicators, Odomase village, Ghana.
Don Valley Brickworks
Toronto
A This project involved research, master planning, and feasibility analysis for a 42-acre decommissioned quarry and brickworks in the heart of Toronto's Don Valley. The +$25 million plan emphasized the link between the site and the valley's cultural and natural heritage. A strategy for geological, palaeobotanical, and industrial conservation and interpretation was meshed with a park concept based on restoration of ecological processes.
Plans called for adaptive re-use of brickmaking infrastructure, the daylighting and restoration of Mud Creek, preservation of the internationally recognized North Slope geology, creation of naturalistic sedimentation pond and water gardens, and establishment of thematic indoor and outdoor gardens depicting inter- and post-glacial plant communities. FInal design by others has been implemented through the City of Toronto (quarry) and the non-profit group Evergreen (brickworks).
Role: Associate/Project Manager, HSWL
Clients: Metro Toronto Region Parks and Property
Cited “Most significant and influential landscape architectural project, decade 1988-1998” OALA Ground, Vol. 43, 2018 - one of 4 total for Ontario.
Architecture & Urban Design Award, 2000, City of Toronto.
National Citation Award & Regional Merit Award, Canadian Society of Landscape Architects, 1991.
Brickworks concept, HSWL 1991
Heritage Plaza
Altoona, PA
Altoona's main public space, our re-design for this worn-out plaza calls for a blended program of railway history, performative space, public art, farmer's market and green infrastructure. Phased development is ongoing.
Role: Faculty Lead, in collaboration with graduate student Shiyang He (MLA '17).
Clients: City of Altoona, PSU-Altoona Chancellor's Office, Downtown Altoona Business Community.
Rouge National Urban Park Toronto
Originally conceived as a "Partnership Park", this urban wildlands project protects a huge reservoir of biodiversity and cultural heritage. At 79 sq.km. (20,000 acres), one of the largest urban wildlands parks on the continent. After +3-decades of widely collaborative efforts, the park received Royal Assent through Federal Bill C-18 in 2017. The park now provides a key bioregional link between Lake Ontario, metro Toronto greenbelt and Oak Ridges Moraine, and is home to more than 1,000 plant species, 247 bird species, 73 fish species, 44 mammal species, and 27 reptile and amphibian species. It is accessible to over 20% of Canada's population by subway or bus.
Role: Associate/Project Manager; HSWL prime consultant; lead author of inaugural 1993 overall park concept, Phase 1 management plan and landscape restoration strategy for impaired landscape south of Steeles Ave.
Clients: Rouge Park Advisory Committee; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. (Parks Canada involvement began later)
Protecting Tomorrow Today Award, Ontario Parks Association: “the best example of forests, wetlands and meadows in the Toronto area,“ 2005.
Parks Canada
Rouge River south valley, Google Earth
Millbrook Marsh Management Plan
State College, PA
A 62-acre nature preserve in College Township at the northeasterly boundary of Penn State's University Park campus. The site includes a 12-acre historic farmstead and an 1850 forebay bank barn, since converted into part of the nature center complex.
The 50-acre wetland area showcases several important types of wetland areas, including natural springs, a calcareous fen and riparian forests. Many types of native wildflowers flourish in the wetland and can be seen from the paths and walkways. The property is transected by three streams that join Spring Creek toward the east end of the site: Bathgate Springs Run, Thompson Run, and Slab Cabin Run.
Our work facilitated a long-term lease between Penn State and the CRPR, full protection of the property, and creation of the Millbrook Marsh Nature Center.
Role: Co-Principal Investigator/Lead Designer; ecologist Dr. Rob Brooks was PI and Dr. Bob Carline was limnologist. I led on landscape analysis and overall concept formulation and land management strategies, and laid out the path system and boardwalk alignment.
Client: Centre Region Parks & Recreation
Millbrook Marsh's Bathgate Spring Run, helipan aerial by Aaron and Ken Tamminga, 2011
The Mountain Project
north India & south-central Nepal
The Mountain Project was an action research initiative situated in the mid-Himalayas of north India, south-central Nepal, and Bhutan. It fostered technology-supported environmental education and sustainable living, and drew on scientific and traditional local knowledges. It employed a technology-assisted knowledge-building community model, including intensive participatory video, in which learners decide on questions of adaptive capacity and resilience, and then create and evaluate the knowledge that's generated.
Role: Co-Principal Investigator with Drs. Chris Hoadley and Sameer Honwad (both now at SUNY-Buffalo); focused on activities addressing working ecosystems in and around partner villages aided by appropriate technology.
Projects were completed in rural communities near Almora, India, and Kathmandu, Nepal, and are ongoing in Thimpu, Bhutan. Collaborations targeted local solutions to the growing impacts of climate change and the effects of unsustainable globalization. School collaborations and participatory video exchanges were initiated between our school-based partners in India and Nepal.
Web of cause-and-effect: globalization / pan-Himalayan militarization / legacies of colonialism / deforestation / climate change and glacial melting / disrupted hydrological cycles / lack of potable water / landslides and topsoil erosion / declining biodiversity / declining soil fertility and crop yields / biomass fuel and fodder scarcities / poor air quality, especially indoors / employment out-migration of youth / dwindling indigenous knowledge
Partners: Uttarakhand Seva Nidhi Paryavaran Shiksha Sansthan (UEEC), north India; Environmental Camps for Conservation Awareness (ECCA), south-central Nepal; (later: Bhutan's Royal Thimpu College and University of Bhutan)
Funding : Penn State University's Children, Youth & Families Consortium; Colleges of Education and IST; College of Arts & Architecture; Fulbright Scholar Program (Hoadley)
Chaughare School students on the path exploring environmental change and prospects for local approaches to sustainable and clean water sources.
Study sites, Google Earth, 2022
Students were quick to pick up the finer points of participatory video production. Equipment was gifted to each or our partner schools.
Dalchoki School Eco-club students interview a village leader on sustainable indigenous building techniques.
Suraikhet School students in Uttarakhand, India interview a village elder on environmental change and ideas on local approaches to adaptation.
Massasauga Provincial Park
Georgian Bay, Ontario
This 13,100 hectare protected area lies at the core of the Thirty Thousand Islands, the world's largest freshwater archipelago and part of the Georgian Bay UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The pristine Precambrian granite islands and crystal-clear waters have changed little since the last glaciers receded.
The ecosystem-based strategy called for a low-intensity 'threshold wilderness' that integrated goals of wildlands protection, limited boating and mooring, and cultural heritage protection with the involvement of two First Nations groups: Moose Deer Point FN and Wasauksing FN.
Role: Associate/Project Manager, HSWL prime consultant; with Jim Stansbury, co-author of park concept, management strategy and zoning; field reconnaissance and background research; stakeholder workshops.
Client: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
Designated a Class #2 Protected Area by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as an “Outstanding natural and scenic area of national and international significance.“
Island Georgian Bay
Franklin Carmichael, 1917
This vast, largely pristine freshwater archipelago, along the southern edge of Canada's ancient Precambrian granite, is unique on earth.
MG2V Greenway
State College, PA
The Musser Gap-to-Valleyland (M2GV) Greenway project was initiated by Penn State President Eric Barron in 2018 to explore sustainable alternatives to development of 356 acres of highly vulnerable university-owned karst landscape situated between the southerly edge of State College and the north slope of Tussey Ridge. Our goal was to provide "a scientific and comprehensive basis, both in terms of analytical conclusions and recommended principles and best practices, for transition to ecosystems-based conservation and restoration of the subject lands."
Role: Lead Faculty; in collaboration with colleagues Andy Cole and Tom Yahner and a cross-college group of students from landscape architecture, ecology, and forest management.
Our MG2V – Musser Gap to Valleylands report was accepted by the President and served as the foundation for public input and follow-up work by Andropogon Associates. Land conservation, ecological restoration and access projects are ongoing.
Hewlett-Packard
Canadian Headquarters
Toronto
The Canadian head office of Hewlett-Packard is located near the Toronto International Airport on a 30-acre partially wooded (sugar maple-beech) property overlooking Etobicoke Creek. A vernacular theme was expressed through old field re-establishment, rigorous woodlot preservation, meadows, successional hedgerows, 6th floor green terrace, and extensive use of regional stone. On-site topsoil was carefully salvaged to re-establish the forb-rich seed bank in meadows. The dual interior atrium was planted with a bosque of eighteen 30' tall black olive trees that I hand-selected at a Florida nursery.
Client: Hewlett-Packard Corporation
Role: Associate/Project Manager, HSWL; master planning, client interaction, design research & development, interior planting design, contract admin. STHIP was prime consultant.
Urban Design Award, City of Mississauga, 1993
Google Earth, 2023
Markham's Plan for the Environment Markham, ON
Markham's Plan for the Environment addressed the entirety of this sprawling 212 sq. km. municipality (pop'n 260,000) just north of Toronto. We explored bioregional linkages with the Oak Ridges moraine and Lake Ontario via the newly-established Rouge Park (see above), and called for an extensive green network. In the Canadian context, our work was a seminal synthesis of applied ecologies, ecosystems planning, and progressive policy in service of ecological integrity and biodiversity.
This study blazed the trail for ecosystems planning in Canada and prompted my notion of pre-emptive ecosystems planning (Tamminga 1996; Gordon and Tamminga 2002). We called for a reorganization of planning units along sub-watershed lines, applied synthetic ecology principles grounded by intensive earth and life science field inventories across a broad cultural landscape and, most notably, enshrined systematic landscape preservation and restoration in municipal Official Plan policy—a first in North America.
Role: Associate/Project Manager, HSWL; primary author of municipal-wide ecosystems network strategy (preservation + restoration + greenways), research and field analysis, stakeholder workshops, planning policy amendments, co-author of Markham Natural Features Study final report. Gore & Storrie was prime consultant.
Client: Municipality of Markham, Ontario
Project profiled in Plan Canada (1996), Journal of Urban Design (2002), and Reader in Canadian Planning (2008)
TevereEterno?
Prospects for Regenerating
Rome's Tiber River
My 2008 sabbatical activated my emerging ideas on riparian urbanism by exploring regenerative possibilities for the Tiber River in Rome, Italy. This was an extension of prior work on urban rivers, and a great opportunity to study the 'eternal' Tiber in its geophysical, historical, and socio-cultural contexts. My sabbatical above, beside, and on the Tiber reaffirmed the notion that the urban river does, indeed, reflect the values of the civil society through which it flows. Like the Ganges, the Tiber is at once sacred and profane.
I also developed and tested a Tiber module for our Sede di Roma curriculum for fourth-year BLA students. We examined four meanders through old Rome, from just upstream of Ponte Margherita downstream to Ponte dell’Industria. My charge to the group was to blend ecological, hydrological and urban realism with creativity—seeing, documenting, responding to, and reflecting on what was there. Inquiries were guided by this question: What physical interventions may serve to regenerate the Tiber and its environs while enhancing the quality of life of Romans and their visitors?
Role: Initiator, Lead Faculty
Funding and Support: Penn State President's Fund for Research; Department of Landscape Architecture; Prof. Romolo Martemucci generously provided lodging in Trastevere
American Academy in Rome Visiting Scholar Readership in the Ross Library
The outfall of Rome's legendary Cloaca Maxima is now a clogged sewer-turned-homeless-shelter
Accretion patterns upstream of Ponte Sant'Angelo suggest heavy sediment load and fluvial disruptions due to piers and streambed ruins.
Mark Huey, 2008
Our Sede di Roma students participate in peer critiques during Tiber charrette pin-ups
Urban Micromobility
Washington DC
Our research suggests that traditional urban road design and public infrastructure are struggling to accommodate electric-assisted personal transportation, or micromobility (MM). Can the increased presence of MM be part of a mixed streaming approach to urban streets? How can existing infrastructure and spatial allocations be more accommodating of MM, while not unduly disadvantaging other transport forms—particularly walking and cycling? Using a case study from the core of Washington, DC, we model the possibilities for adaptable road features that might be implemented for MM based on different traffic loads and green infrastructure configurations.
Role: Initiator, concept lead and thesis advisor, in collaboration with Shengwei Tan (MLA 2020)
Published in: Tan, S. and K. Tamminga. 2021. A vision for urban micromobility: From current streetscape to city of the future. Advances in Mobility-as-a-Service Systems, E.Nathanail et al,., Eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 1278: 158-167.
drawings by S. Tan, 2020
Green Play Infrastructure
Philadelphia, PA
Access to nature-based playscapes in underserved neighborhoods in most cities is extremely limited, impacted by disparities of race, class, and gender. In these contexts, neglected vacant lots and streets and related interstitial spaces can be redesigned as playscapes that support active, engaged, meaningful, and socially interactive play. Our study addressed the ample opportunity to re-engage kids and city nature in underserved neighborhoods in Philadelphia, PA. We employed systemic GIS spatial data approaches with informal and experiential/site-based analyses to identify local patterns of insecurity, children’s circulation, and natural resource possibilities. Our inquiry filled a gap in children’s play literature and illustrated how green play infrastructure can help improve children’s lives in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Role: thesis advisor and collaborator with Yiru Zhang (MLA 2021)
Published in: Zhang, Y., K. Tamminga and H. Wu. 2022. Interweaving computational and tacit knowledges to design nature-based play networks in underserved communities. Land 11(3), 19.
Lime Lakes Brownfield Phytoremedition
Barberton, OH
The Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. (now PPG Industries) plant in Barberton, Ohio was built in 1899 to produce soda ash for the manufacture of plate glass. For the next 70 years the main byproduct, a high-pH lime-salt slurry, was pumped onto drying plateaus called Lime Lakes, covering 600 acres. For the past few decades PPG has been working with EPA Region 5 on a Corrective Action Agreement in addressing offsite leachate migration containing dissolved solids, volatile organic compounds and metals.
Role: Consulting landscape ecologist in collaboration with Key Environmental, Inc.
I was involved on 2 project trials: design and assessment of phytoremedial plantings and soil remediation on an 8-acre field trial for Lime Lake 5 using EQ (exceptional quality) biosolids and native grasses and forbs, in lieu of conventional lined retainment; assessment of in-progress test plots (n=180) for Lime Lakes 1 and 2 bracketing a range of native herbs, soil amendments and mulching types. Overall, the best results in terms of cover, root penetration (and thus leachate cessation) were associated with several warm-season grass species and EQ biosolids as a buffer to the +10.5 pH substrate.
Sorghastrum nutans seed heads. Despite the ultra high-pH growing media, native warm season grasses thrived.
EPA Region 5 inspector monitors a test dig to assess root penetration and plant biomass, 2006
Root biomass and penetration measures on test plots, year 3
Brunot Island
Novel Ecosystem
Ohio River, Pittsburgh, PA
A speculative study for a proposed Brunot Island Center for Urban River Ecology (CURE). The 52-hectare island is home to the Brunot Island Generating Station, an underutilized 244 MW peak demand natural gas power plant. The island's strategic location within site of downtown Pittsburgh, dwindling power mandate, moderate industrial infrastructure, re-development pressure, and immense ecological potential present a now-or-never chance for ecosystematic recovery.
Role: Initiator, Concept Leader, in collaboration with students in my 2013 LArch 414 Pittsburgh Studio
Presented at the 2016 Society for Ecological Restoration | Mid-Atlantic Conference
Invited paper, 2016 Novel Ecosystems Research Symposium at Penn State
Google Earth
"What seems to make identifying an ideal frame so difficult is the fundamentally mixed character of novel ecosystems—diverse yet invaded, anthropogenic yet wild."
Yung et al., 2013. Novel Ecosystems: Intervening in the New Ecological World Order.
Convivial Greenstreets
I first noticed emerging streetside gardening activities in Dutch cities in the 1990s. Since about 2010, I've used the terms convivial greenstreet as a conceptual umbrella for informal streetside gardening in dense, yardless urban cores. In many of the 50 or so cities that I've studied, plants and related paraphernalia are expressions by resident- and merchant-gardeners along building frontages and nearby interstitial spaces. Often, they are quite improvisational and evocative. On tighter streets, plants and their containers squat on public rights-of-way; such 'transgressions' are usually tolerated by civic authorities.
Convivial greenstreets are consistent with broader trends in makeshift urbanism, and are distinct from public streetscape plantings (though both may contribute ecosystem services). This everyday horticulture is a kind of lingua franca along the street—a pretext to conviviality and a context for emerging communities of planterly practice. Our research is showing that these green gestures offer a welcome counterpoint to disaffection and melancholia on the street.
Role: Initiator and Principal Investigator
Collaborators: Emily Titcombe, Joao Cortesao, Travis Flohr
Funding: Astorino Fellowship; College of Arts & Architecture Professorship
Case studies thus far have taken place in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, France, Spain, Czech Republic, Hungary, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Ireland, Scotland, Iceland, USA, Norway, Austria and Switzerland
Stairwell gardens, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2019
Grünerløkka, Oslo, Norway 2023
Island Projects
Manitoulin Island, ON
I led a series of waterfront and downtown improvement projects on Lake Huron's Manitoulin Island - the world's largest freshwater island. Projects included:
Providence Bay waterfront and marina plan
Little Current wharf design
Little Current cenotaph park design & implementation
Little Current streetscape design & implementation
Manitowaning waterfront and marina master plan and feasibility study
Role: Associate/Project Manager, HSWL; master planning and design; feasibility analyses, community meetings, implementation.
Clients: Small Craft Harbours Canada; eastern Manitoulin municipalities.
Toronto Outer Harbour Marina
Master planning and feasibility research for what at the time (late 80s) was the largest marina on Lake Ontario at 625 slips (expandable to 1,100); included a lake-fill addition to the environmentally sensitive Leslie St. spit.
Role: Senior Landscape Architect/Project Manager, TSH Ltd.; analysis, concept alternatives, master planning, pro-forma analysis, and client engagement; in collaboration with Larry Ball, TSH marine engineer.
Client: Toronto Harbour Commission (now Ports Toronto)
“A true world destination cruising port."
Cruising Canada, 2008
Small Ecological Restoration Projects
Over the past +3 decades I've led a series of small, site-scale ecological restoration and habitat design projects. I prepared concepts and planting strategies, and co-coordinated on-site planting with various not-for-profit organizations and volunteers and local/regional agencies.
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Xeric Limestone Prairie
Rural residence in Penns Valley, PA
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Rohm & Haas Brownfield
Regeneration
Bristol, PA
with Rick Stehouwer (soils), EPA Region 3, and EPA Brownfields Training course students
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Lower Galbraith Gap Run
Riparian Corridor
Elks Country Club, State College
with ClearWater Conservancy and
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services (fluvial work)
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Rock Hill School Pollinator Garden
Linden Hall, PA
colleague Tom Yahner was design lead
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Potter Farm Riparian Corridor and Upland Meadow
Penns Valley, PA
with ClearWater Conservancy
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Hewlett-Packard HQ Meadow
Toronto, ON
with Maria Kaars / HSWL
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Galbraith Gap Run & Trailhead Regeneration
Rothrock State Forest, PA State Forestry Bureau
with Tom Yahner and Galbraith Gap Trailhead Committee
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Dune Stabilization Planting
with Beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata)
Island Beach State Park, New Jersey
with LArch 444 Ecosystems Transect students
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Slab Cabin Run Riparian Restoration
Focht Farm, Ferguson Twp., PA
with ClearWater Conservancy, L. Comas and
Ecological Restoration Practicum students
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Lime Lake #5 Brownfield Reclamation
PPG Industries, Barberton, Ohio
with Key Environmental, Inc.
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Spring Creek Riparian Restoration
Elks Country Club, Harrison Twp., PA
with ClearWater Conservancy
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Residential Pollinator Garden
and Mini-Forest
State College, PA